Graphic design: a new history

Introduction. The origins of typography and graphic design

1. Art nouveau I : a new style for a new culture

2. Art nouveau II : Scotland, Austria, and Germany

3. Sachplakat, the First World War, and Dada

4. Modern art, modern graphic design

5. Revolutions in design

6. The Bauhaus and the new typography

7. American art deco and the Second World War

8. The triumph of the international style

9. Postmodernism, the return of expressionism

10. Contemporary graphic design.

The origins of graphic design

Writing and printing in China. From Gutenberg to Bodoni

1. The nineteenth century: an expanding field. The Industrial Revolution and the rise of urban mass culture ; New technologies ; Photography

European newspapers and the law ; New design theories ; The popular book and print ; Mass-market advertising: the broadsheet and the poster ; Nineteenth-century type ; Typesetting and competition ; Advertising agencies ; William Morris.

The arts and crafts movement ; William Morris's Kelmscott Press.

The advent of graphic design

2. Art Nouveau: a new style for a new culture. French Art Nouveau ; Jules Chéret ; Leonetto Cappiello: Japanese prints ; Alphonse Mucha: Absinthe, the green fairy ; Sensuality and symbolism ; Théophile Steinlen ; Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec: The United States ; Harper's and Japanese prints ; The portrayal of young women ; Will H. Brandley: England ; English Art Nouveau ; Arthur Liberty and liberty's ; Aubrey Beardsley ; The Beggarstaff Brothrs: Art nouveau in Scotland, Austria, and Germany: the four ; : The Glasgow School of Art, Celtic revival: Celtic manuscripts and The Four ; Charles Rennie Mackintosh

Vienna Secession : Gustav Klimt ; The Secession Building

Ver Sacrum

Wiener Werkstätte : Werkstätte style ; Austrian Expressionism: Oskar Kokoschka, Egon Schiele

Art Nouveau in Germany : Pan and Jugend magazines ; Blackletter ; Simplicissimus magazine ; Henry van de Velde ; Peter Behrens

The decline of Art Nouveau

3. Sachplakat, the First World War, and Dada. Sachplakat in Germany : Lucian Bernhard and the Priester breakthrough ; The Sachplakat phenomenon ; Ludwig Hohlwein

The First World War : Wartime propaganda ; Emasculating messages

The United States : War posters and James Montgomery Flagg: Uncle Sam, an American icon ; Howard Chandler Christy

France

The central powers : Realism versus abstraction

Dada : Tristan Tzara ; Dada in Paris ; Dada in Berlin ; Kurt Schwitters and Merz.

4. Modern art, modern graphic design. Montparnasse

Cubism : Guillaume Apollinaire's Calligrammes

The London underground : Frank Pick ; Edward McKnight Kauffer ; Signage and visual identity

Futurism : "Words in freedom" ; Lacerba ; Vorticism: Book design in Britain

Purism : The machine aesthetic ; The new spirit

Art Deco in France and Britain : Poster art: Cassandre and Carlu ; The Normandie

Art Deco in Asia: Art Deco type design

Art Deco: race and colonialism ; The 1931 International Colonial Exposition

5. Revolutions in design. De Stijl ; Seeking universal harmony ; Typography and journal design ; De Stijl redesigned ; De Stijl architecture ; De Stijl poster design ; De Stijl and Dada

Revolution in Russia

The Russian Revolution and the Bolshevik poster ; The Bolshevik poster

Lubki and religious icons

Russian suprematism and constructivism ; Kasimir Malevich and Vladimir Tatlin ; A new Utopia ; Constructivism and Alexander Rodchenko ; Alexander Rodchenko and Vladimir Mayakovsky ; Photomontage and film ; Filmic vision ; Gustav Klutsis ; Film posters: the Stenbergs ; El Lissitzky ; El Lissitzky in Germany.

6. The Bauhaus and the new typography

Dada and Russian constructivism

German expressionism ; Expressionist film ; Metropolis

The Arbeitsrat für Kunst

Weimar Bauhaus ; Expressionism at the Bauhaus ; Constructivism and the Bauhaus ; László Moholy-Nagy

Women at the Bauhaus ; The 1923 exhibition ; Political problems

Dessau Bauhaus ; New buildings ; Herbert Bayer ; Typophoto ; Depoliticization at the Bauhaus ; Type at the Bauhaus ; Paul Renner and Futura

The new typography ; Die neue Typographie ; Ring Neur Werbegestalter.

7. American modern and the Second World War. The American magazine ; Fortune

Condé Nast, Vogue, and fashion photography ; Mehemed Agha and Vanity Fair ; Cipe Pineles ; Alexey Broadovitch ; PM magazine.

Government patrons ; The Great Depression ; FAP posters ; Lester Beall

The Museum of Modern Art ; The international style ; The "machine art" exhibition ; The "Cubism and Abstract Art" exhibition ; The "Bauhaus 1919-1928" exhibition

Pulp magazines

Germany in the 1930s ; The Nazis and the mass media ; "Degenerate Art" ; Typography under the Nazis ; John Heartfield's photomontages

The Second World War ; Britain ; Russia ; The United States ; Norman Rockwell

8. The triumph of the international style. Swiss style ; Jan Tschichold ; The predominance of Akzidenz Grotesk ; New typefaces ; The Swiss style in Zurich ; Neue Grafik ; Design in Basel ; The spread of the Swiss Style ; The International style and corporate identy at Ulm

The Netherlands

England ; Stanley Morison ; Jan Tschichold at Penguin ; Herbert Spencer ; Alan Fletcher

France

American innovators ; Alvin Lustig ; Saul Bass

The internatinoal style comes to America ; Container Corporation of America ; Paul Rand

Bauhaus Masters at American Univesities ; The breakthrough: Paul Rand and IBM ; Unimark International ; The Golden Age of Lagos

The International style in corporate architecture ; The tilted "E"

9. Postmodernism: the return of expression

Postmodernism

Psychedelic and rock graphics ; Historical consciousness ; Détournement ; Postmodern typography ; Robert Venturi and Learning from Las Vegas ; Wolfgang Weingart ; Dan Friedman and April Greiman ; Early desktop publishing

The postmodern book and Richard Eckersley ; Cranbrook Academy of Art ; The Netherlands and Britain ; Tibor Kalman

Postmodern architecture

Digital typography ; Émigré Graphics ; Early digital typefaces and Zuzana Licko

The postmodernism of resistance continuing conflict.

10. Contemporary graphic design

Eclectic experiments: "Grunge" design ; Depoliticized design ; Celebrification ; Electicism, historicism, and appropriation ; Conceptual design ; MTV, coopting the counterculture ; Comics, manga, video games, and animé ; Graffiti and street art ; Illustraton in a digital age

Design it yourself

Global graphics?

11. The digital present. Resurgent idealism

Wired magazine

Designing the web 1.0: beginnings ; First wave motion and interactivity: flash 2000-2010 ; Viral advertising ; Animated graphics for film and television ; The end of the flash era ; The multifaceted digital world: stories, experiences, and interfaces

Big data

Contemporary digital type ; Digital crystal goblets

Comic sans and papyrus ; Experimental and conceptual type

Lessons from type at MoMA.

Epilogue. The Citizen Designer

Sustainability

Bruce Mau and massive change

Jonathan Barnbrook

Center for Urban Pedagogy

Conclusion.

Introduction: the origins of type and typography

The nineteenth century: an expanding field

Art nouveau: a new style for a new culture

Sachplakat, the first World War, and Dada

Modern art, modern graphic design

Revolutions in design

The Bauhaus and the new typography

American modern and the second World War

The triumph of the international style

Postmodernism, the return of expression

Contemporary graphic design.